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In brief

The ocean under the microscope

An odyssey worthy of the great global expeditions of the 19th century in search of life, like Charles Darwin, but with the technology of the 21st century: that of DNA and the microscope.

Goélette
  • 900days of expedition in the cold

  • 125,000 kmcovered on the planet

  • 300scientific publications

  • 2,000press articles in 100 countries

Colomban de Vargas One of the scientific coordinators

This adventure revealed more than a hundred thousand single-celled species of plankton and almost all the marine viruses currently known! It was an unprecedented discovery in the microscopic world of the ocean. It considerably enriched our understanding of marine ecosystems and their future.

The Tara Oceans expedition revealed the incredible biodiversity of a living microscopic world at the origin of life on earth. The mission is continuing in 2020, with the Microbiome expedition. If the keys to understanding are at the core of the invisible

Prélèvement d'échantillons d'eau de mer avec le filet manta

Undoubtedly one of Tara’s major expeditions which, for nearly four years, has made it possible to unite different laboratories and scientific specialities around an ambitious project to conclude in a blaze of glory of scientific discoveries. This time, the schooner set out to sail nearly all the seas on the planet to study plankton, the microscopic organisms that drift in the ocean. Nearly 35,000 samples of viruses, algae and plankton were collected and analysed. It was the biggest genetic sequencing task ever undertaken on marine organisms, bringing to light a majority of microbial genes that were hitherto unknown. This colossal and fascinating undertaking received unprecedented recognition with the publication in May 2015 of five articles in the prestigious journal Science. A giant step in the knowledge of the invisible marine world.

Mission Map of Tara Oceans
Objectifs

Showing the invisible life of the ocean

What is the extent of invisible marine biodiversity?


How is this ecosystem organised?


Is it sensitive to global changes brought about by human activity?


Is it worth protecting tomorrow?

©Anna Deniaud
Assesment

In search of our ignorance!

A new world
The miraculous fishing for plankton at a depth of up to 1,000 metres in more than 200 places on our ocean planet revealed the unknown: we have multiplied by more than 100 the types of known marine virus DNA, discovered more than 100,000 species of single-celled microalgae and revealed more than 150 million genes.

 

Worldwide plastic pollution
In the nets with extremely fine mesh, we also collected tiny pieces of plastic, from Antarctica to the Arctiic, everywhere. We’re talking about microplastics, mostly polypropylene or polyethylene, present on the surface of the ocean just about everywhere, at varying concentrations. We were all disgusted by this discovery in 2010.

Temperature – a determining factor
One of the first discoveries, revealed in the journal Science in 2015, proved the importance of temperature for this microscopic biodiversity. The structure of the bacterial ecosystem, responsible for many vital services such as the recycling of organic materials, depends on a temperature of around 0.1 °C. Evidence to support the central importance of the Paris Agreement, and above all of respecting it today.

© Christian Sardet

Scientific publications

04/06/2025

Unveiling the link between phytoplankton molecular physiology and biogeochemical cycling via genome-scale modeling

Antoine Régimbeau, Olivier Aumont, Chris Bowler, Lionel Guidi, George A. Jackson, Eric Karsenti, Laurent Memery, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Damien Eveillard

Tara Oceans

16/11/2024

A genomic approach to Porites (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) megadiversity fromthe Indo-Pacific

Terraneo, T. I., Benzoni, F., Arrigoni, R., Berumen, M. L., Mariappan, K. G., Antony, C. P., Harrison, H. B., Payri, C., Huang, D., & Baird, A. H.

Tara Oceans

18/12/2024

Diatom phytochromes integrate the underwater light spectrum to sense depth

Duchene, C., Bouly, J. P., Pierella Karlusich, J. J., Vernay, E., Selles, J., Bailleul, B., Bowler, C., Ribera d’Alcala , M., Falciatore, A., & Jaubert, M

Tara Oceans

24/08/2024

Complex Genomes of Early Nucleocytoviruses Revealed by Ancient Origins of Viral Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases

Kijima, S., Hikida, H., Delmont, T. O., Gaia, M., & Ogata, H.

Tara Oceans

06/06/2024

Complementary environmental analysis and functional characterization of lower glycolysis-gluconeogenesis in the diatom plastid 

Dorrell, R. G., Zhang, Y., Liang, Y., Gueguen, N., Nonoyama, T., Croteau, D., Penot-Raquin, M., Adiba, S., Bailleul, B., Gros, V., Pierella Karlusich, J. J., Zweig, N., Fernie, A. R., Jouhet, J., Marechal, E., & Bowler, C.

Tara Oceans

16/03/2024

New plastids, old proteins: repeated endosymbiotic acquisitions in kareniacean dinoflagellates.

Novak Vanclova, A. M., Nef, C., Fussy, Z., Vancl, A., Liu, F., Bowler, C., & Dorrell

Tara Oceans

28/03/2024

Genome-scale community modelling reveals conserved metabolic cross-feedings in epipelagic bacterioplankton communities

Nils Giordano1#, Marinna Gaudin1,2#, Camille Trottier1, Erwan Delage1, Charlotte Nef2,3, Chris Bowler2,3 and Samuel Chaffron1,3*

Tara Oceans

23/03/2024

Global Distribution and Diversity of Marine Parmales

Hiroki Ban, Hisashi Endo, The EukBank Team, Akira Kuwata, Hiroyuki Ogata

Tara Oceans

13/03/2023

Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the scleractinian coral family Euphylliidae

Roberto Arrigoni,Jarosław Stolarski, Tullia I. Terraneo, Francesca Benzoni

Tara Oceans

16/04/2023

Mirusviruses link herpesviruses to giant viruses

Gaïa, M., Meng, L., Pelletier, E. et al.

Tara Oceans

21/02/2024

Linking satellites to genes with machine learning to estimate phytoplankton community structure from space

El Hourany, R., Pierella Karlusich, J. J., Zinger, L., Loisel, H., Levy, M., & Bowler

Tara Oceans

12/10/2023

Genomic adaptation of giant viruses in polar oceans

Lingjie Meng1, Tom O. Delmont2,3, Morgan Gaïa2,3, Eric Pelletier2,3, Antonio Fernàndez-Guerra4, Samuel Chaffron3,5, Russell Y. Neches1, Junyi Wu1, Hiroto Kaneko1, Hisashi Endo1, Hiroyuki Ogata1,

22/09/2023

Predicting global distributions of eukaryotic plankton communities from satellite data

“Hiroto Kaneko, Hisashi Endo, Nicolas Henry, Cédric Berney, Frédéric Mahé, Julie Poulain, Karine Labadie, Odette Beluche, Roy El Hourany, Tara Oceans Coordinators†, Samuel Chaffron, Patrick Wincker, Ryosuke Nakamura, Lee Karp-Boss, Emmanuel Boss, Chris Bowler, Colomban de Vargas, Kentaro Tomii,*, Hiroyuki Ogata,*”

Tara Oceans

18/10/2011

A holistic approach to marine eco-systems biology

Karsenti E, Acinas SG, Bork P, Bowler C, et al.

Tara Oceans

22/05/2015

Structure and function of the global ocean microbiome

Sunagawa, S., L. P. Coelho, S. Chaffron, J. R. et al.

Tara Oceans

17/02/2016

Plankton networks driving carbon export in the oligotrophic ocean

Guidi, L., S. Chaffron, L. Bittner, D. et al.

Tara Oceans

14/11/2013

Bioprospecting Marine Plankton

Abida et al,

Tara Oceans

Team

A meeting of mariners

The meeting between the cellular biologist Eric Karsenti and the Tara family in 2007 was the starting point for a massive human, scientific and political adventure.

Etienne Bourgois - Président de la Fondation Tara Océan

Etienne Bourgois

Director of the expedition, co-founder of Fondation Tara Océan

Chris Bowler

Director of the expedition, Director of research at CNRS – ENS

Immerse in the expedition

Culture Ocean

All our media
Tara mission Microbiomes

Mission Microbiomes

Understanding the invisible people of the Ocean to preserve our future

Expedition Tara Pacific, Escale à Wallis

Tara Pacific

The biodiversity of coral reefs in the face of climate change